Houses with a white roof were consistently cooler and more comfortable than those with a bare metal roof. The cost of painting a metal roof white is approximately 31–68 USD. Human comfort analysis showed that from 21.00 to 23.59 h houses with white roofs (comfortable for 87% time) were more comfortable than bare-metal roofed houses (comfortable for 13% time odds ratio = 43.7, 95% CI 27.5–69.5, p < 0.001). Maximum daily temperatures were 0.93 ☌ lower in a white-roofed house (95% CI 0.10–0.30, p < 0.001), but not a red roof (mean maximum temperature difference = 0.44 ☌ warmer, 95% CI 0.43–0.45, p = 0.081), compared with the bare-metal roofed houses. Similar results were found from 00.00 to 06.00 h. Indoor climate was measured in each house and multivariate analysis used to compare indoor temperatures during the day and night. Pairwise comparisons were run in six, five-night blocks during the malaria season 2018. Roof types were: (1) original bare-metal, (2) painted with red oxide primer or (3) white gloss, to reflect solar radiation. Two identical, experimental houses were constructed with metal roofs in rural Gambia. Whether the colour of a metal roof affects indoor temperature and human comfort was assessed. Metal roofing, however, increases indoor temperatures above human comfort levels, and thus makes it more likely that residents will not use an insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) at night. In rural sub-Saharan Africa, thatch roofs are being replaced by metal roofs.
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